![]() difficile can be achieved through restoration of the intestinal microbiota with faecal microbiota transplantation, as well as by colonizing the gut with nontoxigenic C. Prevention of intestinal colonization of toxigenic strains of C. Fidaxomicin is associated with reduced CDI recurrences, and other emerging narrow-spectrum CDI antibiotic therapies might eventually demonstrate a similar benefit. difficile and bolstering the host immune response against C. Emerging CDI therapies are focused on limiting further perturbation of the intestinal microbiota and/or restoring the microbiota to its pre-morbid state, reducing colonization of the intestinal tract by toxigenic strains of C. As traditional, standard CDI antibiotic therapies (metronidazole and vancomycin) are limited by their broad spectrum and further perturbation of the intestinal microbiota, which result in unacceptably high recurrence rates, novel therapeutic strategies for CDI are needed. This Review summarizes the latest advances in the treatment and prevention of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), which is now the most common health-care-associated infection in the USA. difficile toxins, might protect against symptomatic CDI and subsequent CDI recurrences difficileĮmerging immunological therapies, including monoclonal antibodies and vaccines against C. difficile strains could prevent CDI by preventing intestinal colonization with toxigenic strains of C. Oral administration of spores from nontoxigenic C. difficile toxinsĪs emerging narrow-spectrum CDI antibiotic therapies have limited activity against several species of enteric commensal bacteria, these new antibiotics might result in less frequent CDI recurrencesįaecal microbiota transplantation is highly efficacious for preventing CDI recurrences, but questions regarding the optimal route of administration and long-term risks remain The most commonly prescribed antibiotic therapies for Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs), namely metronidazole and vancomycin, have a broad antibiotic spectrum and are associated with unacceptably high CDI recurrence ratesĮmerging CDI therapies limit further perturbation of and/or restore the gut microbiota to its pre-morbid state, reduce colonization by toxigenic strains and bolster the host immune response against C.
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